A to Z of MS Trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (sometimes called tic douloureux) can be a symptom of multiple sclerosis. It is an intense, severe stabbing and burning sensation down the side of the face that eases to an ache and burn. It normally only affects one side of the face at a time. The pain can be excruciating and can be set off by something as simple as eating, talking or smiling. Although onset is usually sudden and the pain reduces or disappears over a period of time, it can become a persistent, long-term problem.

The pain follows the path of the trigeminal nerve, which carries information to and from the face and mouth. It is thought that the pain arises from damage that occurs where the nerve connects to the brain.

Trigeminal neuralgia can be difficult to treat and it is useful to identify whether the pain has any triggers, for example eating ice cream, and learning to avoid them or reduce their likelihood. First-line treatment is with a standard drug therapy for neuropathic pain. In extreme cases, surgery may be performed to alleviate the pain but this may leave the face numb.

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