Four new disease modifying drugs for relapsing/remitting MS are currently going through appraisal at NICE.
These are:
These drugs offer some really exciting prospects, particularly as BG-12, teriflunomide and laquinimod are all tablets, by contrast with the current generation of injected disease modifying drug therapies. Consequently they are eagerly awaited by many people with MS, and by the neurologists who will prescribe them.
NICE has a chequered history with these drugs. They were due to be assessed in one multi-technology appraisal. Now NICE has chosen to appraise each treatment individually. The advantage of the single technology appraisal process should be that each drug may be available on the NHS sooner than if they were all appraised simultaneously. The risk of appraising each drug individually is that the bigger picture of managing MS is lost, or that drugs are treated inequitably because of different appraisal decisions.
Before any drug can be prescribed, it has to be licensed by the EMA (European licensing agency). The EMA scrutinizes clinical and lab data, and if satisfied that the new medicine is effective and safe, a licence is issued. The licence may place restrictions on the use of the drug, such as limiting it to a particular group of people or requiring extra monitoring for side effects.
Teriflunomide and BG-12 have just passed the initial licensing stages with the EMA for use in MS. Laquinimod and alemtuzumab are yet to be licensed. Assuming licences are granted, NICE’s role is to judge whether or not the NHS should pay for them. The NHS is then legally obliged to provide approved medicines to anyone considered eligible.
However, if there is any delay in licensing one of these drugs, their availability on the NHS via NICE will also be slowed.
NICE has begun work on the appraisals so that decisions can be made as quickly as possible after licensing. Notoriously slow, their anticipated guidance publication dates are as follows:
Therefore, the earliest anyone with MS might be prescribed one of these is spring next year. Bear in mind that the Scottish Medicines Consortium in Scotland will undertake their own economic assessment, while in Northern Ireland the Department for Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland will review NICE guidance and make their own decision; Wales normally follows NICE.
The MS Trust is fighting hard to ensure that these drugs are appraised fairly by NICE. One of our biggest concerns was that the initial draft appraisals NICE produced compared the costs of these drugs treatments with ‘best supportive care’ or ‘standard care’.
What do these terms mean? NICE doesn’t define them. Our best guess is that this describes a regime of no treatment on disease modifying drug therapy for people who are regularly relapsing. The consequence of ‘best supportive care’ is that it makes the cost of any drug treatment very hard to justify.
However, this issue has arisen before, for example in appraisals of fingolimod and natalizumab. At the time, a survey of neurologists suggested that ‘best supportive care’ is not used in routine treatment, so it is not a viable comparison.
The MS Trust was so incensed by ‘best supportive care’ (.doc) coming up again that we issued a joint statement to NICE, in conjunction with the MS Society and the UKMSSNA. We were delighted to see that every respondent to the initial draft appraisal scope complained about the comparator of ‘best supportive care’, with the result that it has been removed from the second stage of the appraisal process.
NICE is a closed shop when it comes to consultations: they only accept submissions from registered stakeholders – in practice, patient organisations and professional bodies. Please get in touch if you want to have a say in how NICE appraises these drugs, and we will endeavour to ensure that your views are represented in our future submissions.
Alice Hamilton: alice.hamilton@mstrust.org.uk
Four new disease modifying drugs for relapsing/remitting MS are currently going through appraisal at NICE. These are: Teriflunomide (Aubagio) – factsheet BG-12 also known as dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) – factsheet...
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